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AP Psychology Review
Sensation
Code: ___________________________
- The light-sensitive, inner surface of the eye, containing rods and cones
plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.
__________________
- The brain’s ability to process many things at once. ____________________
______________________
- The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate"
that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain.
________________ ______________ _________________
- The theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, blue-yellow, and
white-black) enable color vision. ____________________ - ___________________
__________________
- The process by which our sensory receptors and the nervous system receive
and represent stimulus energies from our environment. ______________________
- A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound
waves trigger nerve impulses. ___________________________________
- This refers to a stimulus that is below one’s absolute threshold for
conscious awareness. _______________________ stimulation
- The minimum difference a person can detect between two stimuli. We
experience it as a just noticeable difference. ____________________
_________________
- A condition in which nearby objects are seen more clearly than distant
objects because the lens focuses the image of distant objects in front of
the retina. ______________________________
- The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.
_________________ __________________
- The distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the
next. It determines color with respect to light waves and pitch with respect
to sound waves. __________________________
- Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray. They are necessary
for peripheral and twilight vision. _____________________
- The central focal point in the retina, around which the eye’s cones
cluster. _______________________
- The sense of hearing. _____________________
- The part of the ear containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and
vestibular sacs. _____________________ _________________
- The principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of
food influences its taste. _____________________ ______________________
- The process by which the eye’s lens changes shape to focus the image of
an object on the retina. ___________________________
- Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the
stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement. ___________________
___________________
- The theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the
cochlea’s membrane is stimulated. ___________________ ________________
- The minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time.
________________________ ________________________
- Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound
waves to the cochlea (i.e., damage to the tiny bones in the ear or the
eardrum). _________________________ ________________________
- The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts.
____________________________
- Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation.
_________________________ ________________________
- In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the
auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense
its pitch. ________________________ __________________
- The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors –
one most sensitive to red, one to blue, and one to green – which when
stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color.
___________________________ _____________________ ____________
- Receptor cells that are concentrated in the fovea of the retina and that
function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. They detect fine detail and
give rise to the perception of color. ________________________
- The conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the
transforming of stimulus energies into neural impulses.
_____________________________
- The point at which the optic nerve leaves the back of the eye. No receptor
cells are located there. _______________________
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